Core electronics concepts explained for engineers and students
Upgraded from a 10-bit to a 16- or 24-bit ADC and the readings still jump? Resolution is not accuracy. Most ADCs measure against the analog supply, PSRR fades with frequency, and every extra bit halves the noise you can tolerate. How to measure your real usable bits, and what to fix before you buy more of them.
A complete guide to rotary encoders — how they work, types (incremental vs absolute), quadrature signals, PPR, interfacing with Arduino, fixing common problems like bounce and missed steps, and what to look for when buying a module.
Why quiescent current — not output current — decides battery life in IoT designs. AMS1117, MCP1700, HT7333, AP2112 and nanopower LDOs compared, with real coin-cell runtime math and a worked duty-cycle example.